How to reduce Ground Bounce Reduction on PCBAs
1. Minimize return paths

The shorter the return paths, the lower the inductance between components and the ground plane. Therefore, digital components should be placed directly over digital ground areas and mixed-signal devices should be positioned above bridges between digital and analog ground areas, whenever possible.

2. Use short component leads

Using packages with shorter component leads reduces the series inductance. This is also accomplished by using BGAs and vias. Decoupling capacitors should also be used to funnel disturbances to ground as quickly as possible. It is probably a good idea to use these for all IC and transistor ground pins.

3. Use multiple vias

Another way to quickly dissipate disturbances or noise from your circuits is to use multiple vias to route to ground.

4. Offset switching, if possible

The parasitics that cause ground bounce may not be able to be completely eliminated; however, by offsetting switching times, you can minimize the extent or magnitude of the ground bounce.

5. Use slower switching components, if possible

This technique should be used in conjunction with offsets to allow damping to occur prior to the next switching event. This will prevent it from being added to the noise that may be already present.

5 Tips to choose an ideal Ceramics Manufacturer

Ceramic printed circuit boards are causing a storm in the electrical industry. With a wide range of uses in different electrical devices, its ease of use, cost, durability, and versatility makes it one of the most sorted PCBs in the market. However, because of highlighted benefits, it has become increasingly difficult to choose the right ceramic PCB manufacturer to invest in. Below are things you should consider before you pick your ceramic PCB manufacturer.

High quality
As expected, choosing a PCB manufacturer that assures you of high-quality products should be your priority. Ideally, a good manufacturer is one that provides you with a board that has no errors. When choosing, take an interest in the ceramic PCB manufacturing process as it will alert you to their business perception. This includes the ability to deliver boards that have the right dimensions, accurately drilled holes, high consistency, and ability to pass the bare board test.

Ability to meet requirements
When looking for multilayer ceramic PCB manufacturers, getting confused by their jargons can be easy. Make it easier by asking them if they can meet your specific requirements. Gauge them by how they will react to inquiring of the standardized formats. Research how they delivered a previous clients request of production of ceramic PCB type and remember to focus on any special offers granted.

PCB manufacture cost
When considering a printed circuit board ceramic PCB manufacturer examine the cost of their services. Ideally, cost reduction with large orders is a good enough reason to settle for a manufacturer. However, when doing so ensure that they offer high-quality products. Overall, it’s better to choose a pricier manufacturer who assures you of high quality than settle for a great deal that offers low-quality PCB.

Materials sourcing
To fully enjoy the various benefits of ceramic PCB advantages take time to consider where they get their materials from. A manufacturer that aims to source from the cheapest place will assure you of a low cost of production. However, with this comes the risk of attaining low material quality as they sacrifice quality for quantity. The right PCB manufacturer will have a select number of places to sort their materials hence provide consistently high-quality PCB from batch to batch.

Board testing
Before you settle and decide to purchase anything long lasting investment, a test drive is always recommended. A good PCB manufacturer will give you the opportunity to test out their boards, possibly under random sample basis. This allows you to check if their product conforms to required standards. When choosing a ceramic PCB manufacturer, aim to pick one that offers you this opportunity to avoid disappointments later on.

3 Main Types of PCB Materials
The primary material used to fabricate PCB (Printed Circuit Board) is of immense importance. It is essential to consider the performance of the material in terms of temperature resistance, adhesion, tensile strength, flexibility, dielectric strength, dielectric constant, and many other physical, electrical, and thermal factors. The performance and level of integration of the PCB is completely dependent on the material used to fabricate the PCB.

Types of Materials Used for PCB Fabrication

There are three major types of materials used for production of PCB:
1. FR-4 : This is the most commonly used material in PCB. It is a glass reinforced epoxy laminate sheet. The epoxy used is flame retardant and water resistant. It provides good strength to weight ratios. The tensile strength offered by this material is very high.
2.PTFE (Teflon): PTFE is a kind of plastic material that does not provide any resistance, thus is used for high speed, high frequency applications. PTFE is extremely flexible, making it invaluable in applications with tight tolerances. It is also extremely lightweight, allowing it to be used across various industries. It is also flame resistant, exhibits high physical strength, provides temperature stability, and is versatile in application.
3.Metal :The traditional materials of copper, aluminum, iron, etc. are still used in PCBs. These materials allow the use of Surface Mount Technology (SMT) for the integration of components. They also provide mechanical durability. Thus, the product life of metal base PCBs is much longer.

The different materials used for the fabrication of PCB, all offer a variety of advantages and disadvantages. The material is chosen according to the application, the result needed, environmental factors, and any other constraints the PCB will face. You should choose the material of the PCB depending on the results that are expected.

4 Advantages and 8 Applications of Aluminum PCB

Stack-layer of Singe Aluminum PCB

It features a thermal clad layer that dissipates heat in a highly efficient manner, while cooling components and increasing the overall performance of the products.

Advantages of Aluminum PCB

1. Environmentally Friendly: Aluminum is non-toxic and recyclable. Manufacturing with aluminum is also conducive to conserving energy due to its ease of assembly. For printed circuit board suppliers, using this metal helps maintain the health of our planet.

2. Heat dissipation: High temperatures can cause severe damage to electronics, so it is wise to use a material that can help dissipate heat. Aluminum can actually transfer heat away from vital components, thus minimizing the harmful effect it could have on the circuit board.

3. Higher durability: Aluminum provides strength and durability to a product that ceramic or fiberglass bases cannot provides. Aluminum is a sturdy base material that can reduce accidental breakage during manufacturing, handling, and everyday use.

4. Lightweight: For its incredible durability, aluminum is a surprisingly lightweight metal. Aluminum adds strength and resilience without adding on any additional weight.


8 Applications of Aluminum PCB

1. Audio device: Input, output amplifier, balanced amplifier, audio amplifier, pre-amplifier, power amplifier.

2. Power Supply: Switching regulator, DC / AC converter, SW regulator, etc.

3. Communication electronic equipment: High-frequency amplifier, filtering appliances, transmitter circuit

4. Office automation equipment: Motor drive, etc.

5. Automobile: Electronic regulator, ignition, power supply controller, etc.

6. Computer: CPU board, floppy disk drive, power supply devices, etc.

7. Power Modules: Inverter, solid state relays, rectifier bridges.

8. Lamps and lighting: As the advocated promotion of energy-saving lamps, a variety of colorful energy-saving LED lights are well received by the market, and aluminum pcb used in LED lights also begin large-scale applications.

Aluminium PCB – Hitech Circuits Co., Limited, from China

1. What’s Aluminium LED PCB?
Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a metal - based copper-clad sheet with good heat dissipation. A single panel is generally composed of three layers of structure, namely the circuit layer (copper foil), insulation layer and metal base layer. It is commonly found in LED lighting products. There are two sides, the white side is used to weld the LED pins, and the other side is the natural color of aluminum, which is usually coated with heat-conducting gel and then in contact with the heat-conducting part. Among all metal core PCBS, Aluminum LED PCB is the most common type. The base material consists of an aluminum core and standard FR4. It features a thermal cladding that dissipates heat in an efficient manner while cooling components and improving the overall performance of the product. Currently, aluminum-backed PCBS are considered solutions for high power and tight tolerance applications.


2. Aluminum LED PCB with Copper Layer, Dielectric Layer & Aluminum Layer
Aluminum LED PCB has a similar layout to any other printed circuit boards with copper layer(s), solder mask layer(s) and silkscreen(s). Instead of having a fiberglass or plastic substrate, Aluminum LED PCB is made from metal core substrate, which consists of copper layer, dielectric layer and aluminum layer. This substrate is called as Aluminum based copper clad laminate (CCL). The glass reinforced and ceramic filled dielectric layer in-between copper layer and aluminum layer is very thin, but plays a very important role of electric insulation and thermal conductivity (because of minimum thermal resistance) from copper layer to aluminum base. The copper is etched into conductors and metal base is to withdraw thermal (/heat). The superior heat transfer capacity of Aluminum-based PCB helps cooling components while eliminating problems associated with managing fragile ceramics.


3. Thermal conductivity of Aluminium LED PCB
The general thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB is 0.3, 0.6, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0, 5.0, 122W/m.k, etc., among which 0.3-1.0w /m.k is the general conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 1.5W/m.k is the middle conductive Aluminum LED PCB, 2.0-3.0w /m.k is the high conductive Aluminum LED PCB. 5.0W/m.k is thin abasal substrate, and 122W/m.k is ultra-high conductivity Aluminum LED PCB, also known as ALC Aluminum LED PCB.

At present, the common Aluminum LED PCB on the market has a thermal conductivity of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0W/m.k high conductivity type Aluminium LED, wherein the thermal conductivity of 1.0W/m.k Aluminum LED PCB is called general Aluminum LED PCB, its insulation layer is composed of epoxy glass cloth bonded sheet; Aluminum LED PCB with thermal conductivity of 1.5W/m.k is called high heat dissipation Aluminum LED PCB, and its insulation layer is composed of epoxy resin or other resins with high thermal conductivity; The Aluminum LED PCB with a thermal conductivity of 2.0W/m.k is called the Aluminum LED PCB for high-frequency circuit, and the insulating layer is composed of polyolefin resin or Polyimide resin glass cloth bonded sheet. The thermal conductivity of Aluminum LED PCB varies according to the copper layer in the circuit. Different processes produce different levels of thermal conductivity.

We currently support Aluminum based CCLs from Ventec, GDM and BoYu with thermal conductivity from 1.0 ~ 7 W/m•K. The Aluminum LED PCB prices of Ventec is much higher than that with GDM and BOYU since material cost, and the prices of high thermal conductivity is higher than low thermal conductivity. Hitechpcb provides a wide range of electrical and thermally conductive interface pads, thermally conductive gap filler, thermal phase change materials and thermally conductive electrically insulating materials, as well as specialized equipment for high volume Aluminum LED PCB manufacturing. Choosing Hitech Circuits PCB as your Aluminum LED PCB supplier, just send your Gerber files and fabrication notes to us, we will deliver qualitied PCB boards to you on time.


4. Dielectric Constant of Aluminium LED PCB
The dielectric constant of Aluminum LED PCB substrate is a special detection method for Aluminum LED PCB. It is a variable Q value series resonance method through the measurement of dielectric constant and dielectric loss factor. The sample and tuning capacitor are connected in series to the high frequency circuit to measure the series circuit The principle of Q value.

The performance of Aluminum LED PCB includes requirements such as peel strength, surface resistivity, minimum breakdown voltage, dielectric constant, flammability and thermal resistance.


5. Aluminum LED PCB with White Solder Mask
The retail price of Aluminum LED lights has dropped dramatically in recent years, while the energy efficiency and brightness of LED lights have improved. These technological advances have led some to predict annual growth of 45% over the next five years. With the development of the LED industry, the demand for LED PCBS and solder masks is also increasing. Solder shield is a protective coating applied to exposed printed circuit boards. The exposed PCB board is covered with a mask to prevent accidental solder bridging during PCB assembly and to protect the PCB from the environment. Solder masks are traditionally green, and are expected to withstand the high temperatures that occur in reflow soldering, as different colors such as blue, red, or black will occasionally appear. Increased production of Hitch Aluminum LED PCB requires increased whiteness and color stability of the mask. Aluminum LED PCB commonly used LPI welding color is white and black, of which white welding color is the most commonly used to achieve high brightness and perfect light reflection. White Aluminum LED PCB ensures no darkening and will not affect the color temperature of LED smd. At the same time, it also helps to increase the life of LED applications. Looking for reliable Aluminum LED PCB suppliers, Hitech is a good choice.

For further details freely contact Cynthia at Sales11PCB Manufacturer PCB Assembly.com
https://www.hitechpcba.com/aluminium-led-pcb